Theory: Fabric softener is a chemical compound that prevent static cling and confers many other desirable to Bundy that has been machine washed. They are available as solution and solids, sometimes impregnated in dryer sheets. Dry fabric softener are typically supplied in the form of dryer sheets, which are added to clotting in the tumble driver to softer the fabric and prevent buildup of static electricity is susceptible fabric. Many attractive uses of dryer sheets have been suggested by users such as dusting and removing hair from clothes.

Recipe:

Softener -4 g/l

CH₃COOH – 0.5 g/l

Wetting agent -1 g/l

Sequestering agent -1 g/l

Levelling agent -1 g/l

Temperature – 50°C

Time – 2o min

M: L -1:40

PH – 6/7

Fabric weight -5 g

Neutalization:

Na₂CO₃ -2 g/l

Temperature - 60° C

Time 10 min

Function of the chemical required:

Softener:

• A product designed to impart a soft mellowness to fabric. Example are glucose, follow or any of a number of quaternary ammonium commands.
• A substance that reduces the hardness of water by sequestering the calcium and magnesium ions.
• A substance used to reduce friction during mixing and processing when dry powders are added to polymers.

Sequestering agent: it one kind of surfactants, surface active agent act in solid- liquid, solid gas interface and reduce  the interfacial tension.

Wetting agent : It accelerates the wettability of material in solution thus helps to easy penetration of chemical into substrate.

Recipe calculations:

The ratio M:L = 1:40

So, the water required = 5× 40 =200

For 1000cc water, softener required 4 gm

 1 “                 “           “               “        4/1000 “

  200 cc “        “           “               “       (4×200)/1000 “ = 0.8 gm

Similarity,

CH₃COOH = 1 g/l

Wetting agent = 0.2 g

Seq agent = 0.2 g

Na₂CO₃  = 0.4 g/l
curve:

Shade attatchment:

Conclusion: now-a-days softener treatment on cotton fabric is very popular fan total industry because it is reducing the friction during mixing and processing.